Saamaynta hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ee fayrasyada pathogenic iyo hababka la xiriira: dib u eegista Joornaalka Virology

Infekshannada fayraska ee cudur-sidaha ah ayaa noqday dhibaato caafimaad oo bulsho oo weyn adduunka oo dhan. Fayrasku waxa uu haleeli karaa dhammaan noolaha gacanta waxana uu sababi karaa dhaawacyo iyo dhaawacyo kala duwan, kuwaas oo u horseeda cudur iyo xitaa dhimasho. Iyada oo ay baahdeen fayrasyada aadka u faafa sida xanuunka daran ee neef-mareenka coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), waxaa jirta baahi degdeg ah oo loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo habab wax ku ool ah oo badbaado leh oo lagu joojinayo fayraska cudurka. Hababka dhaqameed ee firfircoonida fayrasyada cudur-sidaha waa wax la taaban karo laakiin waxay leeyihiin xaddidaadyo. Iyada oo sifooyinka awoodda wax gelinta sare, dhawaaqa jireed iyo wasakh la'aan, mowjadaha elektromagnetic waxay noqdeen istiraatiijiyad suurtagal ah oo loogu talagalay firfircoonida fayraska pathogenic waxayna soo jiidanayaan dareenka sii kordhaya. Maqaalkani waxa uu dulmar ka bixinayaa qoraaladii ugu dambeeyay ee saamaynta ay hirarka elektromagnetic-ku ku leeyihiin fayrasyada pathogenic iyo hababka ay ku shaqeeyaan, iyo sidoo kale rajada laga qabo isticmaalka hirarka korantada ee firfircoonida fayraska pathogenic, iyo sidoo kale fikrado iyo habab cusub oo shaqo la'aan ah.
Fayrasyo ​​badan ayaa si degdeg ah u faafa, waxayna sii jiraan muddo dheer, aad bay u faafaan waxayna sababi karaan cudurro caalami ah iyo khataro caafimaad oo halis ah. Ka-hortagga, ogaanshaha, baaritaanka, ciribtirka iyo daawaynta ayaa ah tillaabooyinka muhiimka ah ee lagu joojinayo fiditaanka fayraska. Si degdeg ah oo hufan oo looga takhaluso fayrasyada cudur-sidaha waxaa ka mid ah ka hortagga, ilaalinta, iyo tirtiridda isha. Dhaqdhaqaaqa fayrasyada pathogenic by burburinta jireed si loo yareeyo infekshankooda, cudur-sidaha iyo awoodda taranka ayaa ah hab wax ku ool ah oo lagu tirtirayo. Hababka dhaqameed, oo ay ku jiraan heerkulka sare, kiimikooyinka iyo shucaaca ionizing, ayaa si wax ku ool ah u joojin kara fayraska cudur-sidaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hababkani waxay weli leeyihiin xaddidaadyo. Sidaa darteed, weli waxaa jirta baahi degdeg ah oo loo qabo in la sameeyo xeelado cusub oo lagu joojinayo fayraska cudur-sidaha.
Sii daynta mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka awoodda galitaanka sare, kuleyl degdeg ah oo isku mid ah, dib u soo celinta microorganisms iyo sii deynta balasmaha, waxaana la filayaa inay noqoto hab wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay kicinta fayraska pathogenic [1,2,3]. Awoodda mowjadaha elektaroonigga ah si ay u kiciyaan fayraska pathogenic ayaa la muujiyay qarnigii la soo dhaafay [4]. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, isticmaalka mowjadaha elektromagnetic ee kicinta fayraska pathogenic ayaa soo jiidatay dareenka sii kordhaya. Maqaalkani waxa uu ka hadlayaa saamaynta mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ee fayrasyada pathogenic iyo hababkooda, kuwaas oo u adeegi kara hage waxtar u leh cilmi-baarista aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa la dabaqay.
Astaamaha qaab-dhismeedka fayrasyadu waxay ka tarjumayaan shaqooyinka sida badbaadada iyo caabuqa. Waxa la caddeeyey in hirarka korantada, gaar ahaan ultra highfrequency (UHF) iyo ultra highfrequency (EHF) ee hirarka korantada, ay carqaladayn karaan qaab-dhismeedka fayrasyada.
Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa meelo cilmi baaris oo kala duwan sida qiimeynta jeermiska, qaabeynta kinetic (aqueous), iyo dabeecadda bayoolojiga ee molecules viral [5,6]. Wu wuxuu ogaaday in microwave-yada 2450 MHz iyo 700 W ay sababeen isu-ururin iyo hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid fagag biyoodka MS2 kadib 1 daqiiqo oo shucaac toos ah [1]. Baadhitaan dheeri ah ka dib, nasasho ku taal dusha sare ee MS2 phage ayaa sidoo kale lagu arkay [7]. Kaczmarczyk [8] ayaa daboolka ka qaaday hakinta muunadyada coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) ilaa mowjado millimitir ah oo leh inta jeer ee 95 GHz iyo cufnaanta awoodda 70 ilaa 100 W/cm2 ee 0.1 s. Daloolo waaweyn ayaa laga heli karaa qolof-daafeedka xun ee fayraska, taas oo keenta luminta waxa ku jira. Soo-gaadhista mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka waxay wax u dhimi karaan qaababka fayraska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isbeddelada sifooyinka qaab-dhismeedka, sida qaabka, dhexroorka iyo simanaanta dusha sare, ka dib marka uu la kulmo fayraska leh shucaaca korantada lama yaqaan. Sidaa darteed, waxaa muhiim ah in la falanqeeyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya astaamaha morphological iyo cilladaha shaqada, kuwaas oo bixin kara tilmaamo qiimo leh oo habboon oo lagu qiimeeyo fayraska firfircoonida [1].
Qaab dhismeedka fayrasku wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay aashitada nucleic ee gudaha (RNA ama DNA) iyo koofiyad dibadda ah. Asiidhyada nukliyeerka ayaa go'aamiya hiddaha iyo taranka fayrasyada. Capsid-ku waa lakabka sare ee subunits borotiinka si joogto ah loo habeeyey, qaybta aasaasiga ah iyo qaybta antigenic ee qaybaha fayraska, iyo sidoo kale ilaalinta asiidhyada nucleic. Inta badan fayrasyadu waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeedka baqshadda oo ka kooban lipids iyo glycoprotein. Intaa waxaa dheer, borotiinnada baqshadda ayaa go'aamiya gaar ahaan kuwa soo-dhoweeyayaasha waxayna u adeegaan sida antigen-yada ugu muhiimsan ee habka difaaca ee martida loo yahay uu aqoonsan karo. Qaab dhismeedka dhameystiran wuxuu xaqiijinayaa daacadnimada iyo xasilloonida hidda-socodka ee fayraska.
Cilmi baaris ayaa muujisay in hirarka korantada, gaar ahaan UHF hirarka korantada, ay dhaawici karaan RNA ee fayrasyada cudurrada keena. Wu [1] wuxuu si toos ah u kashifay jawiga biyaha leh ee fayraska MS2 ilaa 2450 MHz microwaves muddo 2 daqiiqo ah wuxuuna falanqeeyay hiddo-wadaha codeeynaya borotiinka A, borotiinka capsid, borotiinka nuqulka ah, iyo borotiinka jeexjeexa ee jel electrophoresis iyo falcelinta silsiladda polymerase transcription. RT-PCR). Hidde-sidayaashan ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo burburiyay cufnaanta awoodda oo sii kordheysa oo xitaa la waayay cufnaanta ugu sarreysa. Tusaale ahaan, muujinta borotiinka A hiddo-wadaha (934 bp) ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacay ka dib markii ay soo gaadheen mowjadaha korantada ee awoodda 119 iyo 385 W oo gebi ahaanba la waayay markii cufnaanta awoodda la kordhiyey 700 W. Xogtaasi waxay tilmaamaysaa in hirarka korantada ay awoodaan. iyadoo ku xiran qiyaasta, burburin qaab dhismeedka asiidhyada nucleic ee fayrasyada.
Daraasadihii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujiyeen in saameynta mowjadaha elektaroonigga ah ee borotiinnada fayraska fayraska ay inta badan ku saleysan yihiin saameyntooda kulaylka aan tooska ahayn ee dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha iyo saameyntooda aan tooska ahayn ee borotiinka sababtoo ah burburinta acids nucleic [1, 3, 8, 9]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta atermic waxay sidoo kale bedeli kartaa polarity ama qaabka borotiinnada fayraska [1, 10, 11]. Saamaynta tooska ah ee mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ee borotiinnada aasaasiga ah ee qaab-dhismeedka/aan-dhisme ahayn sida borotiinada capsid, borotiinnada baqshadda ama borotiinnada sare ee fayrasyada cudur-sidaha ayaa weli u baahan daraasad dheeraad ah. Waxaa dhawaan la soo jeediyay in 2 daqiiqo ee shucaaca korantada ee inta jeer ee 2.45 GHz oo leh awood 700 W ay la falgali karto jajabyo kala duwan oo borotiinno ah iyada oo loo marayo samaynta dhibco kulul iyo wareegyada korantada iyada oo loo marayo saamaynta korantada kaliya [12].
Baqshadda fayraska cudur-sidaha waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa awoodda uu u leeyahay in uu cudur ku qaado. Daraasado dhowr ah ayaa sheegay in UHF iyo mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ee microwave ay burburin karaan qolofyada fayrasyada cudurrada keena. Sida kor ku xusan, daloolo kala duwan ayaa laga heli karaa baqshadda fayraska ee coronavirus 229E ka dib 0.1 ilbiriqsi oo soo-gaadhista 95 GHz ee hirarka milimitirka ee cufnaanta 70 ilaa 100 W/cm2 [8]. Saamaynta wareejinta tamarta resonant ee hirarka elektromagnetic waxay keeni kartaa cadaadis ku filan si loo burburiyo qaab dhismeedka baqshadda fayraska. Fayrasyada baqshadda leh, ka dib dillaaca baqshadda, caabuqa ama hawlaha qaarkood ayaa badanaa hoos u dhacaya ama gebi ahaanba lumaya [13, 14]. Yang [13] wuxuu daaha ka qaaday fayraska hargabka H3N2 (H3N2) iyo fayraska hargabka H1N1 (H1N1) microwaves at 8.35 GHz, 320 W/m² iyo 7 GHz, 308 W/m², siday u kala horreeyaan, 15 daqiiqo. Si loo isbarbar dhigo calaamadaha RNA ee fayraska cudur-sidaha ah ee soo gaadhay mowjadaha elektromagneticiga ah iyo nooc jajaban oo barafaysan oo isla markiiba lagu dhalaalay nitrogen dareere dhowr wareeg ah, RT-PCR ayaa la sameeyay. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in calaamadaha RNA ee labada nooc ay yihiin kuwo iswaafaqsan. Natiijooyinkani waxay muujinayaan in qaab-dhismeedka jireed ee fayrasku uu burburay iyo qaab-dhismeedka baqshadda ayaa burburay ka dib markii uu soo gaadhay shucaaca microwave.
Dhaqdhaqaaqa fayrasku waxa lagu sifayn karaa awoodda uu u leeyahay in uu wax qaadsiiyo, ku celceliyo oo wax qoro. Caabuqa fayraska ama dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa badanaa lagu qiimeeyaa iyada oo la cabbirayo titers-ka fayraska iyadoo la adeegsanayo tijaabooyinka huurada, qiyaasta dhexe ee infekshanka dhaqanka unugyada (TCID50), ama dhaqdhaqaaqa hidda-wadaha weriye luciferase. Laakiin sidoo kale waxaa si toos ah loo qiimeyn karaa iyadoo la go'doomiyo fayraska nool ama iyadoo la falanqeynayo fayraska antigen, cufnaanta qayb ka mid ah fayraska, badbaadada fayraska, iwm.
Waxaa la sheegay in UHF, SHF iyo EHF hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ay si toos ah u dhaqaajin karaan hawada fayraska ama fayraska biyaha ka dhasha. Wu [1] daaha ka qaaday MS2 bacteriophage aerosol oo ay abuurtay nebulizer shaybaarka mowjadaha elektromagneticiga ah ee leh inta jeer ee 2450 MHz iyo awoodda 700 W ee 1.7 min, halka heerka badbaadada bakteeriyada MS2 uu ahaa 8.66%. Si la mid ah MS2 aerosol-ka fayraska, 91.3% ee aqueous MS2 waa la damiyay 1.5 daqiiqo gudahood ka dib markii ay soo gaadheen isla qiyaasta hirarka korantada. Intaa waxaa dheer, awoodda shucaaca elektromagnetic-ka si ay u dhaqaajiso fayraska MS2 waxay si togan ula xiriirtay cufnaanta awoodda iyo waqtiga soo-gaadhista. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka waxtarka deminta uu gaaro qiimaha ugu sarreeya, waxtarka deminta laguma hagaajin karo iyada oo la kordhinayo wakhtiga soo-gaadhista ama kordhinta cufnaanta awoodda. Tusaale ahaan, fayraska MS2 waxa uu lahaa heerka badbaadada ugu yar ee 2.65% ilaa 4.37% ka dib markii uu soo gaadhay 2450 MHz iyo 700 W mowjadaha korantada ee korantada, wax isbedel ah oo la taaban karo lama helin wakhtiga kor u kaca. Siddharta [3] waxa ay iftiimisay joojinta dhaqanka unugga oo ay ku jiraan fayraska cagaarshow C (HCV)/fayruuska difaaca jirka ee 1 (HIV-1) oo wata hirar elektromagnetic ah oo inta jeer ah 2450 MHz iyo awoodda 360 W. Waxay ogaadeen in tiriyeyaasha fayrasku si weyn hoos ugu dhaceen. Ka dib 3 daqiiqo oo soo-gaadhis ah, taas oo muujinaysa in shucaaca hirarka elektromagnetic-ku uu waxtar u leeyahay infekshannada HCV iyo HIV-1 oo ka caawiya ka hortagga gudbinta fayraska xitaa marka la soo bandhigo. wada jir. Marka la iftiimiyo dhaqamada unugyada HCV iyo joojinta HIV-1 ee leh mowjadaha korantada ee awoodda hooseeya ee leh 2450 MHz, 90 W ama 180 W, ma jiro isbeddel ku yimaada titer fayraska, oo ay go'aamiso dhaqdhaqaaqa weriyaha luciferase, iyo isbeddel weyn oo ku yimaada caabuqa fayraska. la arkay. 600 iyo 800 W 1 daqiiqo, infekshannada labada fayras si weyn hoos ugumay dhicin, taas oo la rumeysan yahay inay la xiriirto awoodda shucaaca hirarka elektromagnetic iyo waqtiga soo-gaadhista heerkulka muhiimka ah.
Kaczmarczyk [8] ayaa markii ugu horreysay muujisay halista EHF hirarka elektromagnetic ee ka dhanka ah fayraska pathogenic ee biyaha ka dhasha sannadkii 2021. Waxay soo bandhigeen muunadaha coronavirus 229E ama poliovirus (PV) hirarka korantada ee inta jeer ee 95 GHz iyo cufnaanta awoodda 70 ilaa 100 W/cm2 2 ilbiriqsi. Waxtarka hawl-qabad la'aanta labada fayras ee cudur-sidaha ah waxay ahayd 99.98% iyo 99.375%, siday u kala horreeyaan. kaas oo tilmaamaya in EHF hirarka korantada ee elektiroonigga ah ay leeyihiin rajooyin ballaadhan oo codsi ah oo ku saabsan fayraska la'aanta.
Waxtarka UHF la'aanta fayraska ayaa sidoo kale lagu qiimeeyay warbaahinta kala duwan sida caanaha naaska iyo qaar ka mid ah qalabka sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo guriga. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay daaha ka qaadeen maaskaro suuxdin ah oo ay ku jiraan adenovirus (ADV), nooca 1 (PV-1), herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) iyo rhinovirus (RHV) shucaaca korantada ee inta jeer ee 2450 MHz iyo awoodda 720 watts. Waxay soo sheegeen in tijaabooyinka ADV iyo PV-1 antigens ay noqdeen kuwo taban, iyo HV-1, PIV-3, iyo RHV titers ay hoos u dhaceen eber, taas oo muujinaysa in gebi ahaanba aan firfircoonayn dhammaan fayrasyada ka dib 4 daqiiqo oo soo-gaadhis ah [15, 16]. Elhafi [17] si toos ah u qaawiyey suufyo uu ku dhacay fayraska boronkiitada faafa ee avian (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), fayraska cudurka Newcastle (NDV), iyo fayraska hargabka avian (AIV) ilaa 2450 MHz, 900 W microwave foornada. lumiyaan caabuqa. Waxaa ka mid ah, APV iyo IBV sidoo kale waxaa lagu ogaadey dhaqamada xubnaha hawo-mareenka ee laga helay embriyaha digaaga ee jiilka 5aad. Inkasta oo fayraska aan la go'doomin karin, fayraska nucleic acid waxaa weli lagu ogaaday RT-PCR. Ben-Shoshan [18] wuxuu si toos ah u kashifay 2450 MHz, 750 W mowjadaha korantada ee 15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) muunadaha caanaha naaska ee togan ee 30 ilbiriqsi. Ogaanshaha Antigen-ka ee Shell-Vial waxay muujisay hawl-gabnimo dhammaystiran ee CMV. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 500 W, 2 ka mid ah 15 muunado ma gaarin firfircooni buuxda, taas oo muujinaysa xidhiidhka togan ee ka dhexeeya waxtarka firfircoonida iyo awoodda hirarka korantada.
Waxa kale oo xusid mudan in Yang [13] uu saadaaliyay inta jeer ee resonant ee u dhexeeya hirarka elektromagnetic iyo fayrasyada ku salaysan moodooyinka jireed ee la aasaasay. Joojinta qaybaha fayraska H3N2 oo leh cufnaanta 7.5 × 1014 m-3, oo ay soo saartay fayraska xasaasiga ah ee Madin Darby eeyaha kelyaha (MDCK), ayaa si toos ah loogu soo bandhigay hirarka korantada ee inta jeer ee 8 GHz iyo awood 820 W/m² ilaa 15 daqiiqo. Heerka shaqo la'aanta fayraska H3N2 wuxuu gaaraa 100%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la eego heerka aragtida ee 82 W/m2, kaliya 38% ee fayraska H3N2 waa la damiyay, taasoo soo jeedinaysa in waxtarka hawl-qabad la'aanta fayraska dhexdhexaadka ah ee EM ay si dhow ula xiriirto cufnaanta awoodda. Iyada oo ku saleysan daraasaddan, Barbora [14] waxay xisaabisay baaxadda soo noqnoqoshada soo noqnoqda (8.5-20 GHz) ee u dhexeeya hirarka korantada iyo SARS-CoV-2 waxayna ku soo gabagabeeyeen in 7.5 × 1014 m-3 ee SARS-CoV- 2 ay soo gaadheen hirarka korantada. oo leh inta jeer ee 10-17 GHz iyo cufnaanta awoodda 14.5 ± 1 W/m2 ku dhawaad ​​15 daqiiqo ayaa keeni doonta 100% demin. Daraasad dhowaan uu sameeyay Wang [19] ayaa muujisay in soo noqnoqoshada soo noqnoqda ee SARS-CoV-2 ay yihiin 4 iyo 7.5 GHz, taasoo xaqiijinaysa jiritaanka soo noqnoqoshada soo noqnoqda ee ka madax bannaan titer fayraska.
Gabagabadii, waxaan dhihi karnaa in mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ah ay saameyn karaan hawada hawada iyo joojinta, iyo sidoo kale dhaqdhaqaaqa fayraska ee dusha sare. Waxaa la ogaaday in waxtarka firfircoonidu ay si dhow ula xiriirto inta jeer ee iyo awoodda hirarka elektromagnetic iyo dhexdhexaadinta loo isticmaalo korriinka fayraska. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta jeer ee elektromagnetic-ka ee ku saleysan dhawaaqyada jireed ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah firfircoonida fayraska [2, 13]. Ilaa hadda, saameynta mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ee dhaqdhaqaaqa fayraska cudur-sidaha ayaa inta badan diiradda saarayay beddelka caabuqa. Sababtoo ah habka adag, cilmi-baarisyo dhowr ah ayaa soo sheegay saameynta hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ee ku-noqoshada iyo qorista fayraska pathogenic.
Hababka ay mawjadaha elektromagnetic-ga ah ee fayraska u dhaqaajiyaan waxay xidhiidh dhow la leeyihiin nooca fayraska, inta jeer ee iyo awoodda hirarka korantada, iyo deegaanka korriinka ee fayraska, laakiin inta badan lama sahamin. Cilmi-baaristii ugu dambeysay waxay diiradda saartay hababka wareejinta tamarta kulaylka, kulaylka, iyo qaabdhismeedka resonant.
Saamaynta kulaylka waxaa loo fahamsan yahay kororka heerkulka ay sababto wareegga xawaaraha sare leh, isku dhaca iyo is jiid jiidka unugyadu ee unugyadu ee ay saameeyaan hirarka korantada. Hantidaas awgeed, mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ga ah waxay kor u qaadi karaan heerkulka fayraska oo ka sarreeya heerka dulqaadka jireed, taasoo keenta dhimashada fayraska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fayrasyadu waxay ka kooban yihiin unugyo polar oo yar, kuwaas oo soo jeedinaya in saamaynta kulaylka tooska ah ee fayrasyadu ay naadir tahay [1]. Taas beddelkeeda, waxaa jira unugyo badan oo polar ah oo ku dhex jira dhexdhexaadka iyo deegaanka, sida unugyaraha biyaha, kuwaas oo u dhaqaaqa si waafaqsan beerta koronto ee beddelka ah ee ay ku faraxsan yihiin hirarka korantada, iyaga oo dhalinaya kulayl iyada oo loo marayo khilaaf. Kulaylka ayaa markaa loo gudbiyaa fayraska si kor loogu qaado heerkulkiisa. Marka heerka dulqaadka la dhaafo, asiidhyada nucleic-ka ah iyo borotiinada waa la baabi'iyaa, taas oo ugu dambeyntii yareyneysa caabuqa oo xitaa fayruska kicisa.
Kooxo dhowr ah ayaa soo sheegay in mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ah ay yareyn karaan caabuqa fayrasyada iyada oo loo marayo soo-gaadhista kulaylka [1, 3, 8]. Kaczmarczyk [8] ka joojinta coronavirus 229E ee hirarka korantada ee inta jeer ee 95 GHz oo leh cufnaanta 70 ilaa 100 W/cm² 0.2-0.7 s. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in kororka heerkulka 100 ° C inta lagu jiro hawshan ay gacan ka geysatay burburinta qaab-dhismeedka fayraska iyo hoos u dhaca dhaqdhaqaaqa fayraska. Saamayntan kulaylka ah waxaa lagu sharxi karaa ficilka hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ee ku saabsan unugyada biyaha ee ku xeeran. Siddharta [3] ka-hakinta HCV-ka kooban dhaqanka unugga hakinta genotypes kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a iyo GT7a, oo leh mowjadaha korantada ee inta jeer ee 2450 MHz iyo awoodda 90 W iyo 160 W, W, 600 W iyo 800 Tue oo wata korodhka heerkulka dhexdhexaadka ah ee dhaqanka unuggu min 26°C ilaa 92°C, shucaaca elektromagnetic-ga ayaa hoos u dhigay caabuqa fayraska ama gebi ahaanba fayraska damiyey. Laakin HCV waxa ay la kulantay mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ga ah wakhti yar oo awood yar ah (90 ama 180 W, 3 minutes) ama awood ka saraysa (600 ama 800 W, 1 minutes), halka aanay jirin koror weyn oo ku yimid heerkulka iyo isbedel weyn Fayraska lama arag caabuq ama dhaqdhaqaaq.
Natiijooyinka kor ku xusan waxay muujinayaan in saamaynta kulaylka ee hirarka elektiroonigga ah ay tahay arrin muhiim ah oo saameeya caabuqa ama dhaqdhaqaaqa fayrasyada pathogenic. Intaa waxaa dheer, cilmi-baarisyo badan ayaa muujiyay in saameynta kulaylka ee shucaaca elektromagnetic-ka ay u kiciso fayrasyada pathogenic si ka waxtar badan UV-C iyo kuleylka caadiga ah [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Marka lagu daro saamaynta kulaylka, hirarka korantada ayaa sidoo kale bedeli kara polarity ee molecules sida borotiinka microbial iyo asiidhyada nucleic, taasoo keenta in unugyadu ay wareegaan oo gariiraan, taasoo keentay in la yareeyo ama xitaa dhimasho [10]. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in isbeddelka degdega ah ee mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ah ay sababto polarization borotiinka, taas oo keenta qallooca iyo qallooca qaab dhismeedka borotiinka iyo, ugu dambeyntii, denaturation borotiinka [11].
Saamaynta aan kulaylka ahayn ee mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ee firfircoonida fayraska ayaa weli ah muran, laakiin cilmi-baarisyada badankood waxay muujiyeen natiijooyin wanaagsan [1,25]. Sidaan kor ku soo xusnay, mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ga ahi waxay si toos ah u dhex geli karaan borotiinka baqshadda ee fayraska MS2 oo ay burburiyaan asiidhka nucleic-ka ah ee fayraska. Intaa waxaa dheer, hawada sare ee fayraska MS2 ayaa aad uga nugul hirarka korantada ee MS2. Maaddaama unugyadu ay yar yihiin, sida molecules-ka biyaha, deegaanka ku hareeraysan aerosols fayraska MS2, saamaynta athermic waxa laga yaabaa inay door muhiim ah ka ciyaarto hawl-qabad la'aanta fayraska dhex-dhexaadinta mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka [1].
Ifafaalaha sanqadhadu waxa ay tilmaamaysaa u janjeersiga habdhiska jireed si uu tamar badan uga nuugo deegaankiisa inta jeer ee dabiiciga ah iyo dhererka hirarka. Resonance waxay ka dhacdaa meelo badan oo dabiiciga ah. Waxaa la og yahay in fayrasyadu ay ku soo noqnoqdaan microwave-yada isku midka ah ee qaab-dhismeed xaddidan oo dipole ah, ifafaale resonance [2, 13, 26]. Qaababka isdhexgalka ee u dhexeeya mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka iyo fayraska ayaa soo jiidanaya dareen badan iyo in ka badan. Saamaynta wax-ku-oolnimada wareejinta tamarta resonance qaab-dhismeedka (SRET) ee ka imanaya mowjadaha korantada ilaa dhawaaqa dhawaaqa ee xidhan (CAV) ee fayraska waxay u horseedi kartaa dillaaca xuubka fayraska sababtoo ah gariir ka soo horjeeda xudunta-capsid. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxtarka guud ee SRET waxay la xiriirtaa dabeecadda deegaanka, halkaasoo cabbirka iyo pH ee qayb ka mid ah fayraska ay go'aamiyaan soo noqnoqda resonant iyo nuugista tamarta, siday u kala horreeyaan [2, 13, 19].
Saamaynta dhawaaqa jireed ee mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ga ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara firfircoonida fayrasyada bashaashsan, kuwaas oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin xuub bilayer ah oo ku dhex jira borotiinno fayras ah. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay ogaadeen in daminta H3N2 ee hirarka elektromagnetic ee soo noqnoqda 6 GHz iyo cufnaanta awoodda 486 W/m² ay inta badan sababtay dillaaca jireed ee qolofka sababtoo ah saameynta dhawaaqa [13]. Heerkulka hakinta H3N2 waxa uu kordhay 7°C ka dib 15 daqiiqo oo soo-gaadhis ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, firfircoonida fayraska H3N2 ee kulaylka, heerkul ka sarreeya 55°C ayaa loo baahan yahay [9]. Dhacdooyin la mid ah ayaa lagu arkay fayrasyada sida SARS-CoV-2 iyo H3N1 [13, 14]. Intaa waxaa dheer, kicinta fayraska ee hirarka elektaroonigga ah ma keenayso hoos u dhaca genome-ka fayraska RNA [1,13,14]. Sidaa darteed, firfircoonida fayraska H3N2 waxaa kor u qaaday dhawaaqa jireed halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa soo-gaadhista kulaylka [13].
Marka la barbar dhigo saamaynta kulaylka ee hirarka korantada, firfircoonida fayrasyada ee dhawaaqa jireed waxay u baahan tahay qiyaaso qiyaas yar, kuwaas oo ka hooseeya heerarka badbaadada microwave ee uu aasaasay Machadka Injineerada Korontada iyo Elektrooniga (IEEE) [2, 13]. Inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda iyo qiyaasta awoodda waxay ku xiran tahay sifooyinka jireed ee fayrasku, sida xajmiga walxaha iyo barti, iyo dhammaan fayrasyada ku jira inta jeer ee resonant si wax ku ool ah ayaa loo beegsan karaa firfircooni. Sababtoo ah heerka sare ee dhexgalka, maqnaanshaha shucaaca ionizing, iyo badbaadada wanaagsan, firfircoonida fayraska ee dhexdhexaadinaysa saameynta athermic ee CPET waxay u ballan qaadaysaa daaweynta cudurada malignantiga ah ee ay sababaan fayrasyada pathogenic [14, 26].
Iyada oo ku saleysan hirgelinta firfircoonida fayrasyada marxaladda dareeraha iyo dusha sare ee warbaahinta kala duwan, hirarka elektromagnetic waxay si wax ku ool ah ula tacaali karaan hawada fayraska [1, 26], taas oo ah horumar muhiim ah oo muhiimad weyn u leh xakamaynta gudbinta Fayraska iyo ka hortagga faafinta fayraska ee bulshada. xanuun saf-mar ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, helitaanka sifooyinka dhawaaqa jireed ee hirarka korantada ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh goobtan. Ilaa inta inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda ee virion gaar ah iyo hirarka elektromagnetic-ka la yaqaan, dhammaan fayrasyada ku dhex jira tirada soo noqnoqda ee nabarka waa la beegsan karaa, kuwaas oo aan lagu gaadhi karin hababka fayraska caadiga ah ee firfircoonida [13,14,26]. Firfircoonida korantada ee fayrasyadu waa cilmi baaris rajo leh oo leh cilmi baaris weyn iyo qiime la dabaqay iyo karti.
Marka la barbar dhigo tignoolajiyada dilka fayraska dhaqameed, hirarka korantada ayaa leh sifooyin fudud, wax ku ool ah, ilaalin deegaan oo la taaban karo marka la dilo fayraska sababo la xiriira sifooyinkooda gaarka ah [2, 13]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhibaatooyin badan ayaa weli ah. Marka hore, aqoonta casriga ahi waxay ku kooban tahay sifooyinka jidheed ee hirarka korantada, iyo habka isticmaalka tamarta inta lagu jiro soo-saarka mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka lama shaacin [10, 27]. Microwaves, oo ay ku jiraan hirarka milimitirka, ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalay si loo daraaseeyo firfircoonida fayraska iyo hababkiisa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasadaha hirarka elektromagnetic ee soo noqnoqda kale, gaar ahaan inta jeer ee 100 kHz ilaa 300 MHz iyo 300 GHz ilaa 10 THz, lama soo sheegin. Marka labaad, habka lagu dilo fayrasyada cudur-sidaha ee mowjadaha elektromagnetic-ka ah lama caddayn, waxaana la darsay oo keliya fayrasyada spherical iyo usha u eg [2]. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaybo ka mid ah fayrasku waa kuwo yaryar, kuwo aan unug lahayn, si fudud u beddelma, oo si degdeg ah u faafa, kuwaas oo ka hortagi kara fayraska firfircoonida. Tiknoolajiyada hirarka elektromagnetic weli waxay u baahan tahay in la hagaajiyo si looga gudbo caqabadaha ka hortagga fayraska cudur-sidaha. Ugu dambeyntii, nuugista sare ee tamarta shucaaca ee molecules polar ee dhexdhexaadka ah, sida molecules biyaha, waxay keenaysaa lumis tamar. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxtarka SRET waxaa laga yaabaa inay saameeyaan dhowr habab oo aan la aqoonsan oo ku jira fayrasyada [28]. Saamaynta SRET waxay sidoo kale wax ka beddeli kartaa fayraska si uu ula qabsado deegaankiisa, taasoo keentay iska caabin ah hirarka korantada [29].
Mustaqbalka, tignoolajiyada firfircoonida fayraska iyadoo la adeegsanayo hirarka elektromagnetic waxay u baahan tahay in la sii wanaajiyo. Cilmi-baarista aasaasiga ah ee sayniska waa in looga golleeyahay in lagu caddeeyo habka fayraska aan firfircoonayn ee mowjadaha elektaroonigga ah. Tusaale ahaan, habka loo isticmaalo tamarta fayrasyada marka ay la kulmaan hirarka elektromagnetic, habka faahfaahsan ee ficilka aan kuleylka ahayn ee dila fayraska pathogenic, iyo habka saameynta SRET ee u dhexeeya hirarka elektromagnetic iyo noocyada kala duwan ee fayrasyada waa in si nidaamsan loo iftiimiyo. Cilmi-baaris la dabaqay waa in diiradda la saaro sida looga hortago nuugista xad-dhaafka ah ee tamarta shucaaca by molecules polar, daraasadda saameynta mowjadaha elektromagnetic ee soo noqnoqoshada kala duwan ee fayraska pathogenic ee kala duwan, iyo in la barto saameynta aan kulaylka ahayn ee hirarka electromagnetic ee burburinta fayraska pathogenic.
Mowjadaha Electromagnetic waxay noqdeen hab rajo leh oo loogu talagalay firfircoonida fayraska pathogenic. Tiknoolajiyada hirarka elektromagnetic waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka wasakhda hoose, kharash yar, iyo hufnaanta fayraska fayraska oo sarreeya, taas oo ka adkaan karta xaddidaadda tignoolajiyada dhaqameed ee ka hortagga fayraska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi baaris dheeraad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo go'aamiyo cabbirrada tignoolajiyada hirarka elektromagnetic iyo in la caddeeyo habka hawl-gabka fayraska.
Qiyaaso gaar ah oo shucaaca hirarka korantada ayaa burburin kara qaabdhismeedka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa fayraska cudur-sidaha badan. Waxtarka hawl-qabad la'aanta fayrasku waxay si dhow ula xidhiidhaa soo noqnoqda, cufnaanta awoodda, iyo wakhtiga soo-gaadhista. Intaa waxaa dheer, hababka suurtagalka ah waxaa ka mid ah kulaylka, kulaylka, iyo saamaynta resonance qaabdhismeedka wareejinta tamarta. Marka la barbar dhigo tignoolajiyada ka hortagga fayraska ee soo jireenka ah, firfircoonida fayraska ku salaysan hirarka elektromagnetic waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka fudud, waxtarka sare iyo wasakhowga hooseeya. Sidaa darteed, firfircoonida fayraska dhexdhexaadka ah ee mawjada elektromagnetic-ka waxay noqotay farsamaynta fayraska ee mustaqbalka ee codsiyada mustaqbalka.
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