Wararka Xoolaha: Horumarka laga sameeyay cilmi-baarista hargabka shimbiraha

Wararka 01

Markii ugu horreysay ee la ogaado nooca H4N6 ee fayraska hargabka shimbiraha ee ku dhaca shimbiraha shinbiraha mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ee Israa'iil

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PMID: 35687561; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14610

Fayraska hargabka shimbiraha (AIV) wuxuu khatar weyn ku yahay caafimaadka xayawaanka iyo aadanaha adduunka oo dhan. Maadaama shimbiraha biyaha duurjoogta ah ay gudbiyaan AIV adduunka oo dhan, baaritaanka baahsanaanta AIV ee dadka duurjoogta ah ayaa muhiim u ah fahamka gudbinta jeermiska iyo saadaalinta faafitaanka cudurrada ee xayawaanka guryaha iyo aadanaha. Daraasaddan, nooca H4N6 AIV ayaa markii ugu horreysay laga soocay muunado saxaro ah oo shinbiraha cagaaran ee duurjoogta ah (Anas platyrhynchos) ee Israa'iil. Natiijooyinka hidde-sidaha ee hidde-sidaha HA iyo NA waxay soo jeedinayaan in noocaan uu si dhow ula xiriiro go'doominta Yurub iyo Aasiya. Maadaama Israa'iil ay ku taal wadada u guuritaanka Arctic-Afrika ee Dhexe, waxaa la filayaa in noocaan ay u badan tahay inay soo bandhigeen shimbiraha u guuraya. Falanqaynta phylogenetic ee hidde-sidaha gudaha ee go'doominta (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M iyo NS) waxay muujisay heer sare oo xiriir phylogenetic ah oo lala yeesho noocyada kale ee AIV, taasoo soo jeedinaysa in dhacdo dib-u-mideyn hore ay ka dhacday go'doomintan. Noocan H4N6 ee AIV wuxuu leeyahay heer isku-dhafan oo sarreeya, wuxuu ku dhici karaa doofaarro caafimaad qaba wuxuuna xiri karaa qabtayaasha aadanaha, wuxuuna mustaqbalka sababi karaa cudur zoonotic ah.

Wararka 02

Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan hargabka shimbiraha ee Midowga Yurub, Maarso-Juun 2022

Hay'adda Badbaadada Cuntada Yurub, Xarunta Yurub ee Ka Hortagga iyo Xakamaynta Cudurrada, Shaybaarka Tixraaca Midowga Yurub ee Hargabka Shimbiraha

PMID：35949938；PMCID：PMC9356771；DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

Sannadkii 2021-2022, hargabka shimbiraha ee aadka u faafa (HPAI) ayaa ahaa cudurkii ugu darnaa ee ka dhaca Yurub, iyadoo 2,398 oo cudur oo shimbiro ah ay ka dilaaceen 36 waddan oo Yurub ah taasoo keentay in 46 milyan oo shimbiro ah la dilo. Intii u dhaxaysay 16 Maarso iyo 10 Juun 2022, wadarta 28 waddan oo EU/EEA ah iyo UK 1 182 nooc oo fayraska hargabka shimbiraha ee aadka u faafa (HPAIV) ayaa laga soocay digaagga (750 kiis), duurjoogta (410 kiis) iyo shimbiraha la haysto (22 kiis). Inta lagu jiro muddada dib u eegista, 86% faafitaanka digaagga waxaa sababay gudbinta HPAIV, iyadoo Faransiiska ay ka dhigan tahay 68% faafitaanka digaagga guud, Hungary 24% iyo waddamada kale ee ay dhibaatadu saameysey midkiiba wax ka yar 2%. Jarmalka ayaa lahaa tirada ugu badan ee faafitaanka shimbiraha duurjoogta ah (158 kiis), waxaana ku xigay Netherlands (98 kiis) iyo UK (48 kiis).

Natiijooyinka falanqaynta hidde-sidaha ayaa tilmaamaya in HPAIV-ga hadda ku badan Yurub uu inta badan ka tirsan yahay spectrum 2.3.4 b. Tan iyo warbixintii ugu dambeysay, afar H5N6, laba H9N2 iyo laba H3N8 oo ah infekshannada aadanaha ayaa laga soo sheegay Shiinaha, hal caabuq oo aadanaha ahna H5N1 ayaa laga soo sheegay Mareykanka. Khatarta caabuqa waxaa lagu qiimeeyay mid hooseeya dadweynaha guud iyo mid hooseeya ilaa mid dhexdhexaad ah dadka shaqada ku jira ee EU/EEA.

 Wararka 03

Isbeddellada ku yimaada haraaga 127, 183 iyo 212 ee ku dhaca hidda-wadaha HA

Ka-hortagga, taranka iyo cudur-sidaha fayraska hargabka shimbiraha ee H9N2

Menglu Fan，Bing Liang，Yongzhen Zhao，Yaping Zhang，Qingzheng Liu，Miao Tian，Yiqing Zheng，Huizh Xia，Yasuo Suzuki，Hualan Chen，Jihui Ping

PMID: 34724348; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14363

Nooca H9N2 ee fayraska hargabka shimbiraha (AIV) waa mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu waaweyn ee saameeya caafimaadka warshadaha digaagga. Daraasaddan, laba nooc oo ah nooca AIV ee H9N2 oo leh asal hidde oo isku mid ah laakiin kala duwan, oo loogu magac daray A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) iyo A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), ayaa laga soocay beer digaag. Falanqaynta taxanaha ah waxay muujisay in JS/75 iyo JS/76 ay ku kala duwan yihiin saddex haraaga amino acid (127, 183 iyo 212) ee haemagglutinin (HA). Si loo sahamiyo kala duwanaanshaha sifooyinka bayoolojiga ee u dhexeeya JS/75 iyo JS/76, lix fayras oo dib-u-habeyn ah ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab hidde-side oo dib u soo noqnoqda oo leh A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) oo ah silsiladda ugu weyn. Xogta laga helay tijaabooyinka weerarka digaagga iyo baaritaannada HI waxay muujiyeen in r-76/PR8 ay muujisay baxsashada ugu badan ee antigenic-ga ah ee ay sabab u tahay isbeddellada amino acid ee booska 127 iyo 183 ee hidda-wadaha HA. ​​Daraasado dheeraad ah ayaa xaqiijiyay in glycosylation-ka goobta 127N uu ka dhacay JS/76 iyo isbeddellada uu sameeyay. Tijaabooyinka ku xidhka soo-dhoweeyaha ayaa muujiyay in dhammaan fayrasyada dib-u-isku-dhafan, marka laga reebo mutant-ka glycosylation-ka ee 127N, ay si fudud ugu xidhmaan soo-dhoweeyayaasha aadanaha. Kinetics-ka koritaanka iyo tijaabooyinka weerarka jiirka ayaa muujiyay in fayraska 127N-glycosylated uu ku tarmay unugyada A549 oo uu ka yaraa cudur-sidaha jiirka marka loo eego fayraska nooca duurjoogta ah. Sidaa darteed, isbeddellada glycosylation-ka iyo amino acid-ka ee hidda-wadaha HA ayaa mas'uul ka ah kala duwanaanshaha antigenicity-ga iyo pathogenity-ga ee noocyada 2 H9N2.

Isha: Xarunta Caafimaadka Xoolaha Shiinaha iyo Cudurrada faafa